It brings the total amount of fines under the legislation to around €4 billion. What the first Italian GDPR fine reveals about data security liabilities for processors. Published: 24 Apr 2023. ULC commissioners along with hundreds of diverse stakeholders from the data protection domain worked through the pandemic to create a model code called the Uniform Personal Data Protection Act. The fine is the biggest GDPR penalty ever issued, eclipsing Luxembourg's $833 million fine against Amazon. Health and genetic data. In short, data controllers are entities that decide how specific data is used. Legality of Processing. To that end, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL) ruled that the. 1m) for the illegal surveillance of several hundred employees. world news. If you collect personal data from residents of the EU, the GDPR applies to you. Here, we explain some of the most important rights you have to control your data, how these data protection rights could affect you and how you can use them. English. . Approaching the GDPR – GDPR News Roundup. See related science and technology articles, photos, slideshows and videos. S. The Information Commissioner remains the UK’s independent supervisory authority on data protection. Share to X. U. As we , the microtargeting ad controversy sprung up after web users spotted ads the Commission’s Home Affairs division was running on X in a bid to drum up support for the (also controversial. Getting to GDPR Compliance: Risk Evaluation and Strategies for Evaluation. Mar 29, 2023. 5 million (just under $6 million) by the tech giant’s lead data protection regulator in the region for failing to have a lawful basis. In July 2021 Amazon was slapped with a record-breaking €746 million penalty by Luxembourg’s National Commission for Data Protection (CNPD) for misusing customer data for targeted advertising. Your best source for Victoria BC's news, sports, business, community news and events, entertainment, lifestyles, obituaries, and opinion coverage. 9m) fine for GDPR violations by Ireland’s Data Protection Commission (DPC). Earlier this year, OpenAI faced temporary restrictions in Italy after Garante, its privacy watchdog, ordered an investigation into its GDPR privacy breaches and practices for verifying age. Below you can find the last edition of GDPRtoday as a preview. Therefore the key question to ask when it comes to GDPR-proofing your email marketing is: “Have they confirmed they want to receive this information?”. com about the GDPR’s. The Chicago Tribune and LA Times were among those saying they were currently unavailable in most European countries. 26 EDT. Technology. Google, Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp have been hit with privacy complaints within hours of GDPR taking effect Friday -- complaints that could carry fines of up to $9. Of course, given competing interests. schedule Mar 9, 2023. consist of data processing on a large scale of special. There is a path we can follow to finally deliver what was started 10 years ago, in January 2012, when the GDPR proposal was announced," said the EDPS Wojciech Wiewiórowski, calling on European policymakers and regulators "to come back to the drawing board. GDPR Fines. . Google Cloud’s focus on data security, privacy, and transparency provided a strong foundation towards achieving that commitment, and we’ve made multiple updates to ensure that Google Cloud customers can confidently use. Once a controller/processor has its processing certified under a data protection certification mechanism, there is still no. 28, 2021, according to law firm DLA Piper. Posted. A put out yesterday by the European Union’s top court could have major implications for online platforms that use. 05. TikTok fined €345m over children's data privacy. For Google, that would be more than $4 billion. 83 (5) GDPR, the fine framework can be up to 20 million euros, or in the case of an undertaking, up to 4 % of their total global turnover of the preceding fiscal year, whichever is higher. news is dedicated to helping IT professionals protect their networked environments, both from internal and external threats. The organizers of Mobile World Congress have been fined €200,000 by Spain's data protection watchdog over a breach of privacy rules during the trade show's 2021 edition. 25 May 2022 By MIRIAM SERNA. Basahin ang buong. InfoSecurity Magazine reports on reactions to the U. 14/08/2020. Britain will attempt to move away from European data protection regulations as it overhauls its privacy rules after Brexit, the government has announced. It’s possible that any appeal process or negotiation may bring the fine down—last year the UK data protection regulator’s fine against British Airways dropped from. The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is being leveraged by a new ransomware group to pressure victims into paying up. The GDPR gave consumers the right to be forgotten, while mandating that private enterprises needed to collect consent from data subjects in order to store their data, and prepare to remove their. Our regular GDPRtoday newsletter summarizes recent GDPR decisions from DPAs and Courts. As a consequence, Article 82 (1) of the GDPR provides that, "Any person who has suffered material or nonmaterial damage as a result of an infringement of this Regulation shall have the right to receive compensation from the controller or processor for the damage suffered. Email users send over 122 work-related emails per day on average, and that number is expected to rise. However, there are implications for the rules on transfers of personal data between the UK and. Datenschutzbeschwerde per Deal vermeiden. Digital agencies like ours now need to provide evidence of data security and GDPR compliance — even down to staff training policies for data protection. And I will be Tweeting about #GDPR on @GDPRnews as the enforcement date in 2018 draws closer. com brings latest gdpr news, views and updates from all top sources for the Indian CIO industry. Still, when it comes to generative AI, Vallet noted that not only does the GDPR not invalidate the use of the technology altogether, but it also offers a framework for the development of safe. GDPR is applicable if your organization sells to, provides services to, or employs citizens of the EU. The EU’s priority is to support safe,. Now entering its fourth year, enforcement of the regulation has evolved since it. On May 25th GDPR came into effect, implementing new laws about data protection within the European Union. NetSec. Under Article 17 of the UK GDPR individuals have the right to have personal data erased. A launching conference will take place on 28 th. Three years of GDPR: the biggest fines so far. "In 2018, we faced many questions on what the impact of the GDPR would be. The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) is the EU body that ensures the consistent application and interpretation of the data protection rules across the EU. This means: The user can only be made aware of the purpose of the white paper download and coupling it to a. Yes. Step 1: Ensure the unambiguity of consent. News Reader. The Daily Swig has covered GDPR news, including the latest GDPR fines, since the law came into force in May 2018. news is dedicated to helping IT professionals protect their networked environments, both from internal and external threats. Dublin, Nov. The GDPR is fully applicable to US sponsors that process personal data of individuals in the EU, including in the context of managing a clinical trial. What are the principles? Article 5 of the UK GDPR sets out seven key principles which lie at the heart of the general data protection regime. Since then, the pandemic threw up a new raft of public health and data considerations and, of course, in the UK, the supervisory authority is still grappling with the UK. -based news sites, such as the Los Angeles Times, restricting access to EU users and complaints reportedly coming in regarding the practices of big tech companies. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has been retained in UK law and will continue to be read alongside the Data Protection Act 2018, but with some technical amendments to ensure it can function in UK law. . The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the toughest privacy and security law in the world. April 27, 2021 Report A Threshold Crossed. They aim to ensure fines are applied consistently across all EU member states and organizations are treated fairly. Meanwhile complaints were filed against US tech giants within hours of the. T: +44 (0)20 7933 2442. 05. Article 12 (5) explains that accessing personal data should generally be cost-free for individuals. It does not apply to data that may be created in the future. The scheme's intention will "enable. The GDPR is one of the most robust global privacy laws in effect today. Find breaking Victoria and Vancouver Island news, live coverage, weather, traffic, in-depth reporting, sports, local events and video. Of course, given competing interests. The 17-page complaint filed yesterday with the Polish DPA is the work of Lukasz Olejnik, a security and privacy researcher, who is being. The European Commission has proposed changes to the GDPR intended to improve cooperation between Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) working on enforcement in cross-border cases. Amazon may have a point. It establishes a system of completely independent supervisory authorities in charge of monitoring and enforcing compliance. Next May will mark four years since the European Union’s comprehensive data privacy law GDPR has been in effect. November 8, 2023. The regulation is an essential step to strengthen individuals' fundamental rights in the digital age and facilitate business. Organizations would, in principle, need to collect people's protected characteristics to fight discrimination in their AI systems. September 28, 2020. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is the toughest privacy and security law in the world. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduces new rules for organizations that offer goods and services to people in the European Union (EU), or that collect and analyze data for EU residents no matter where you or your enterprise are located. Mosaic Effect reidentification risks, caused by AI's data collection and pattern-finding prowess, underscore the importance of embracing fundamental GPDR requirements for legally processing EU personal data. GDPR is once again in the headlines as Facebook faces the wrath of European regulators over a data breach that saw the details of 533 million users, including 11 million in the. The Daily Swig has covered GDPR news, including the latest GDPR fines, since the law came into force in May 2018. On 8 March 2023, the UK government re-introduced the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill as the Data Protection and Digital Information (No. AJ Thompson, CCO Northdoor, states that Facebook facing scrutiny by European regulators should act as a reminder to all about the importance of GDPR. By Jess Weatherbed, a news writer focused on creative industries, computing, and internet culture. It's the General Data Protection Regulation, more commonly called the GDPR. The global standard for the go-to person for privacy laws, regulations and frameworks. The use of artificial intelligence to replace human decision making expands the scope data protection law. Learn how to surround AI with policies and procedures that make the most of its potential by reducing its risks. Zoom is not even offering its users the ability to pay it to avoid this non-essential data-mining — which is a route some regional news publishers have taken by offering consent-to-tracking. 2 billion euros for violating. data protection law, including rules intended to protect children. harris@uk. The new guidelines provide much-needed clarity and consistency in the enforcement of the GDPR. Under the GDPR, if the personal information the organization is going to use as part of training data has been collected directly from individuals, those individuals should be provided with a copy. Information and access to personal data. “The fine. “Our new laws release British. 33 GDPR –. GDPR was, in part, created to counterbalance the rapid expansion and innovation of giant tech companies. However. A look back at privacy and data protection in 2022. Digital agencies like ours now need to provide evidence of data security and GDPR compliance — even down to staff training policies for data protection. 5m ($5. NetSec. 9 million unwanted marketing calls which targeted the elderly and people with vulnerabilities. g. With GDPR in the news constantly, businesses around the world have finally begun to improve their cybersecurity and data practices. But four years on, there’s a lag on cleaning up Big Tech. The tight association is due mainly to the fact that cGDPR is larger than cADPR, such that the guanine ring forms stable interactions with Trp 189 , Asp 155 , and Glu. 7bn ($5. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a regulation of the European Union (EU) that became effective on May 25, 2018. Reach thousands of authority bloggers and social media influencers in your. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) introduces new rules for organizations that offer goods and services to people in the European Union (EU), or that collect and analyze data for EU residents no matter where you or your enterprise are located. e. However, they leave the calculation of the fine amount at the discretion of the supervisory authority. Spain. EU - news. Learn more about what GDPR has brought about for Europe and the rest of the world at the webinar “4 Years of GDPR: Birthday reflections and wishes”. Next May, Europe’s new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) comes into force, replacing the 1995 EU Data Protection Directive. Replika is marketed by San Francisco-based developer Luka as “the AI companion who cares” – a virtual “friend” for its users. Share this article. P. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) said Google’s plan could have a “significant impact” on news websites and the digital advertising market. 5M in GDPR case over data processing. The GDPR defines ‘processing’ as ‘any operation or set of operations which is performed on personal data or on sets of personal data, whether or not by automated means (…)’. To prevent this becoming the case, the UK Government published an update to the DPA 2018 called the ‘Data Protection. Axpo Italia fined $10. We can also predict what’s next in privacy regulation. CGDPR. See related science and technology articles, photos,. 10) Awareness and training. Dpdp vs GDPR – a comparative snapshot. Minister Kirsty Coventry allowed to get away with murder because she is white? Chin'ono. 7M) for breaching U. Our goal is to provide the most comprehensive coverage of healthcare-related news anywhere online, in addition to independent advice about compliance and best practices to adopt to prevent data breaches. ”. 2023-09-20 - ICO News ICO issues half a million pounds in new fines as fight to tackle illegal nuisance calls continues The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has issued fines totalling £590,000 to five companies for collectively making 1. The fine announced on Monday is far lower than the maximum penalty under the European privacy law, which is 4 percent of global revenue. Megan Long – Cyber Broker. Do you need to know how to handle personal data breaches under the GDPR? Check out the EDPB Guidelines 2/2019, which provide practical guidance and examples on the notification and communication obligations of data controllers and processors. Identifying data processing that is high risk. Definitions: Data will only be considered as personally identifiable by an organization other than the controller or processor if that other organization will, or is likely to, obtain the information as a result of its data processing. The complaints challenged the conformity of the so-called Transparency & Consent Framework (TCF) with the. Comparing the cADPR and the cGDPR complexes, it can be seen that cGDPR bound much tighter then cADPR, with the ribosyl C1′ atoms of cGDPR ∼3. “The European Commission’s new commitment should transform Europe’s data. Since 2019, the Belgian DPA received a series of complaints targeting Interactive Advertising Bureau Europe (IAB Europe). On 16 October 2023, France’s Data Protection Authority, the National Commission on Informatics and Liberty (CNIL), issued a set of guidelines for complying with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) when researching and developing AI systems (the Guidelines). Mosaic Effect reidentification risks, caused by AI's data collection and pattern-finding prowess, underscore the importance of embracing fundamental GPDR requirements for legally processing EU personal data. 09 EDT. We are still in the aftermath of the Schremms II decision,. For one: They vary significantly. Facebook owner fined record 1. Stay on top of the latest AI governance news and developments of the profession. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into force on 25 May 2018. The Federation of German Consumer Organisations (vzbv) filed the lawsuit against Facebook Ireland, now Meta Platforms Ireland, that led to the CJEU’s April ruling. Cookie data consent notice example - source: cookiebot. Our goal is to provide the most comprehensive coverage of healthcare-related news anywhere online, in addition to independent advice about compliance and best practices to adopt to prevent data breaches. Exiled former Minister of Foreign Affairs Walter Mzembi says President Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa and his party, ZANU PF is planning a power sharing deal with Citizens Coalition for Change president Nelson Chamisa once it gets two thirds majority in parliament. By Chris Fox Technology reporter. Meta, the company formerly known as Facebook, has been hit with a formal suspension order requiring it to stop exporting European Union user data to the US for processing October 18, 2023 News Release Israel/Palestine: Videos of Hamas-Led Attacks Verified. In other words, GDPR compliance is not. This is part of a series of articles to be published on lockton. 2020. One the issues when applying the specific EU General Data Protection Regulation provisions, including the very principles relating to processing of personal data and data subject rights, is how to make these provisions work in practice when it comes to publicly available. Created by the European Union (EU) and put into effect in 2018, the GDPR outlines certain obligations organizations must follow, limiting how personal data can be used. Introduction. President Emmerson Dambudzo Mnangagwa is set to meet Southern African Development Community (SADC) ambassadors this afternoon. This included it becoming one of the first social media sites to make accounts for 13 to 15-year-olds private by default in January 2021. 6, 2018, the Official Gazette of Spain published the Organic Law 3/2018, of December 5, on the Protection of Personal Data and the Guarantee of Digital Rights. 6bn) over the coming decade while bolstering data protection and privacy. 1 The public consultation period for the. The full reasons behind the fine haven’t yet been confirmed, but we know the cause has to do with cookie. The fresh-in-post secretary of state for digital, Michelle Donelan, gave over the first chunk of her Conservative Party. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Data protection rules as a trust-enabler in the EU and beyond – taking stock. The day’s top stories from around the world. November 9, 2023. Daily Dashboard. 8 billion). However, fail to update your data standards and you could see a fine of up to 4% of your gross annual turnover - not profit. The latest breaking news, comment and features from The Independent. Following the ratification, Ukraine. Click to change consent and you’ll get a list of choices (personalisation. 1. GDPR fines for Meta so far this year include a penalty. The GDPR is an important component of EU privacy law and human rights law, in particular Article 8 (1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of. Still, when it comes to generative AI, Vallet noted that not only does the GDPR not invalidate the use of the technology altogether, but it also offers a framework for the development of safe. Chamisa loses party name to Tshabangu- lawyer. Since coming into force, a total of 839 fines have. K. Read EDPS Final. Audit your mailing list. Using 2′-Cl-araNAD + -N 3 , CD38 C-fusion IgG was labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 and incubated in mouse plasma at 37°C for up to 14 days, followed by in-gel fluorescence. The General Data Protection regulation or the GDPR is a European Union (EU) regulation designed to protect the privacy rights of Individuals in the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union, Iceland, Norway, and Lichtenstein. It must be clear to the user that downloading the white paper will automatically result in subscribing to the newsletter. ; (4) the. Staff at the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS) have been busy preparing for the introduction of the. This poses a challenge for research because “ [i]t is often not possible to fully identify the purpose of personal data processing for scientific research purposes at the time of collection” (Recital 33). Definitions: Data will only be considered as personally identifiable by an organization other than the controller or processor if that other organization will, or is likely to, obtain the information as a result of its data processing. It is part of the European Union (EU) data protection reform, along with the data protection law enforcement directive and Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of. Blogs, RSS, Youtube channels, Podcast, Magazines, etc. Getty Images. Google (€50m/£43. yesterday. The CNIL ordered an unidentified French website manager to bring its processing into compliance with the GDPR within one month and stop using the service under current conditions, if. A full month has passed since the EU General Data Protection Regulation went into effect May 25, and the GDPR has already had a wide-ranging global impact, with multiple U. European Data Protection (CIPP/E) Understand Europe’s framework of laws. However that reform is now on pause as the Truss-led government rethinks. The biggest difference between the consequences for non-compliance in the GDPR. OJ L 127, 23. The Italian data-protection. cGDPr formation was measured in the supernatant as fluorescence units using a high-sensitivity spectroflorimeter (λ ex = 300. SADC leaders recently resolved to send a. On 25 May 2023, it will be five years since the European Parliament introduced the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to replace the outdated Data Protection Act. This document guides you to information to help you honor rights and fulfill. The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation took effect three years ago today, elevating awareness of privacy and data protection from boardrooms to living rooms and setting a standard for countries and jurisdictions around the world. If the answer is “no. 2 million for personal data breaches due to cybersecurity failures – an average of £14. Spectroscopic analyses show that cGDPR is fluorescent and has an absorption. Any company that does not follow these new norms face severe fines, potentially up to €20 million or 4% of annual global revenue, depending on the severity and circumstances of the violation. 6, 1978. DE - news. a record. Regulatory decree 1074 of 2015 (Chapter 25). Aside from 2018, when it first came into effect, 2021 was probably the most exciting year for privacy professionals and businesses that need to implement GDPR into their day-to-day operations. candidates to make. The EU General Data Protection Regulation went into effect on May 25, 2018, replacing the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC. Last modified on Thu 26 Aug 2021 14. The ripple effect. Amazing Achievement! Pi Network Successfully Passes GDPR Compliance Test Article 27 - hokanews . The cumulative burdens placed on third parties could be a blessing for first parties, particularly news organizations and publishers that have grown dependent on third party tracking. Reuters. Facebook owner fined record 1. Sensitive data ruling by Europe’s top court could force broad privacy reboot. 22 August 2023, News. That’s new. The bill was first introduced in June 2022 but was then paused for further consultation with business leaders and data experts. Brussels, 15 November - The EDPB adopted Guidelines on the technical scope of Art. The ‘UK GDPR’ sits alongside an amended version of the DPA 2018. The Data Protection Commission (DPC) is the national independent authority responsible for upholding the fundamental right of individuals in the EU to have their personal data protected. According to a study by W8 data, up to 75% of marketing databases have become obsolete from GDPR and only 25% of. S. Complaint of unlawful processing for AI training. November 8, 2017. Two years later, CNIL followed this up with another €60 million fine against Google Ireland, and the same thing appears to have happened with yet another CNIL fine for the same amount in 2022, this time levied against Facebook Ireland, that is to say, Meta. In particular, in 1997, Ukraine ratified the European Convention on Human Rights. The Wall Street Journal and Reuters report that the European Data Protection Board has ruled that Meta cannot continue targeting ads based on user’s online activity without affirmative, opt-in consent. eu. In an analysis of nearly 30,000 websites, 94. The ICO, French, Italian, Greek, and Swedish Data Protection Authorities have all taken enforcement action, and, outside the EU, the Australian and Canadian Commissioners also took action. The government estimated that reforms in the Data Protection and Digital Information Bill could save companies more than £4 billion ($4. Regulatory decree 886 of 2014. Transparency and informing the public about how their data are being used are two basic goals of the GDPR. The National Data Protection Commission (CNPD) has adopted its certification mechanism GDPR-CARPA on 13 th May 2022. 5m. 73 billion) over 10 years. 3 billion) Year Issued: 2023. The biggest GDPR fines of 2020, 2021, and 2022 (so far) 1. Advice for employers and organisations involved in employment issues on how to use and look after your workers’ personal information, and guidance about working from home. The Data Protection Commission opened an inquiry into Meta in April 2021,. This is a. Accuracy. Article 13. The 8 basic rights of GDPR. Benefits, risks of UK GDPR reform. October 18, 2023 News Release Israel/Palestine: Videos of Hamas-Led Attacks Verified. K. The CJEU clarified these requirements in its ruling. S. This set of rules will be called “CGDPR”. The European Data Protection Regulation is applicable as of May 25th,. The latest breaking news, comment and features from The Independent. It creates many challenges to developing and developed nations in their effort to counter cyber threats and adds to the inherent risk factors associated with technology. On the flip side, in a canned quote accompanying’s DSIT press release about a “new UK version of the GDPR,” Julian David, CEO of the technology trade association TechUK, offered this fulsome. Mzembi has since urged Zimbabweans to brace up for a. Article 12. Follow us on Linkedin. Since April 2020, when the ICO began issuing fines under GDPR rules, it has fined organisations £44. Fact-Checked this. The Convention 108 was ratified in 2010. com - Pi Network, a blockchain-based digital currency, has reached a significant milestone concerning user data protection. Impact of the new data protection rules on EU. Rousseau, the online voter consultation platform that the Italian political party 5 Star Movement uses, was fined €50,000 for leaving its users’ data vulnerable to attackers. The U. The Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) has today launched a call for victims of so-called ‘text pests’ to come forward to help the regulator gather evidence of the impact of this illegal behaviour. Now, just five years on, we have seen the development of a rich body of case law, guidance and decisional practice. It will also introduce a change this month which will mean. The case in. News & Updates; Writing a GDPR-compliant privacy notice (template included) Download a PDF version of this template here. This is part of sweeping changes that have seen data laws policy move from the prior Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to the new DSIT and building on the DCMS 2021 consultation: “Data: a new. April 27, 2021 Report A Threshold Crossed. France's data regulator has fined Google €50 million ($57 million) for breaching European privacy rules. 1 day ago · The EU Council of Ministers considers the data protection framework a ‘success’ and does not call for a reopening of the legislation but a comprehensive evaluation next year, according to its. com. The good news is that if you're still not sure if your business are GDPR compliant, we've created a short checklist that includes 9 practical tips to help you get closer to meeting those requirements. The Data Protection and Digital Information Bill (DPDI) represents the government's post-Brexit attempt to reform the current GDPR by implementing a more flexible data regime; able to encourage. 7 Aå deeper into the active site. This text includes the corrigendum published in the OJEU of 23 May 2018. 1 day ago · The EU Council of Ministers considers the data protection framework a ‘success’ and does not call for a reopening of the legislation but a comprehensive. . Breaking news headlines about GDPR linking to 1,000s of websites from around the world. Ncube has been. 1. 2) Its surveillance advertising systems do not support keeping. The GDPR details high risk processing as processing which leads to a high risk to the rights and freedoms of natural persons by virtue of the nature, scope, context and purposes of the processing. K. B. Transparency and modalities. Source. March 7, 2013 Report. For EU data protection, this means that the EU may be permitted to extend the geographic scope of EU law on the basis of territoriality or passive personality. (2018). 1 day ago · Executive Summary. You could be forgiven for thinking that Europe’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is a law created to fill your inbox with identikit. 2017 has wheezed by and the GDPR is inching closer day by day. This Friday, it goes into effect in the EU's. courts could order extraterritorial discovery using a set of factors from the Restatement of Foreign Relations Law. Report spotlights vast scale of adtech’s ‘biggest data breach’. 15 September 15 SepCommunication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council - Data protection rules as a trust-enabler in the EU and beyond – taking stock. Another study found that “74% of companies spent.